45 lines
2.2 KiB
Markdown
45 lines
2.2 KiB
Markdown
# rsync-homedir-excludes
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This project maintains a list of directories and files you probably do not need to back up, which you can pass to the `rsync` command's `--exclude-from` option.
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## Usage:
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# download to `.rsync-ignore`
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wget https://gitaly.ru/anpleenko/rsync/raw/branch/main/.rsync-ignore -O .rsync-ignore
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# or clone and copy to `.rsync-ignore`
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git clone https://gitaly.ru/anpleenko/rsync
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cd rsync-homedir-excludes
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cp rsync-homedir-excludes.txt .rsync-ignore
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# edit the file .rsync-ignore to your needs
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nano .rsync-ignore
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# define a Backup directory (with trailing slash!)
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# some examples:
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BACKUPDIR=/media/workspace/home/$USER
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BACKUPDIR=/media/$USER/linuxbackup/home/$USER
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BACKUPDIR=/media/$USER/USBSTICK/backup/home/$USER
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# first specify the "-n" parameter so rsync will simulate its operation. You should use this before you start:
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rsync -naP --exclude-from=.rsync-ignore /home/$USER/ $BACKUPDIR/
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# check for permission denied errors in your homedir:
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rsync -naP --exclude-from=.rsync-ignore /home/$USER/ $BACKUPDIR/ | grep denied
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# if it is all fine, actually perform your backup:
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rsync -aP --exclude-from=.rsync-ignore /home/$USER/ $BACKUPDIR/
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You can edit the exclude file before execution:
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- All lines starting with a `#` are ignored by rsync, i.e. those directories will be backed up.
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- The syntax doesn't support comments at the end of a line yet.
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- At the start there is a section with directories that are probably not worth backing up. Uncomment those lines to exclude them as well.
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## Making incremental backups:
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When running locally or with the `--whole-file` option (for backups over SSH), rsync doesn't modify files but replaces them entirely. This allows us to create a snapshot directory (with hardlinks) with the state of the backup directory at a certain point in time.
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Run this after finishing the `rsync` backup and it'll create a new snapshot:
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BACKUPDIR=/media/workspace/home/$USER
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SNAPSHOT_DIR="$BACKUPDIR.snapshot_$(date +'%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S' -u)"
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cp -al $BACKUPDIR $SNAPSHOT_DIR
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Next time you run your backup, the snapshot directory will be intact despite the changes rsync made to the files in the backup directory.
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